Showing posts with label history. Show all posts
Showing posts with label history. Show all posts

Friday, April 3, 2026

Signs of the Times (part 11) - Keep Calm and Carry On

 


The early days of World War II have been described as England's darkest hour. 

Yet, there was a plan to encourage the people and help them cope in case the unthinkable happened. But that plan was suppressed as the Allies won the war, and it was almost forgotten. 

After September 11, 2001, and the turmoil that followed, the message was resurrected and struck a chord with our darkest hours.

Here is the rest of the story ....



https://youtu.be/EDsrkpPNCnA?si=jAWV5TSZzb3uweiH


You will hear of wars and rumors of wars,
but see to it that you are not alarmed.
Such things must happen,
but the end is still to come.

Matthew 24:6 (NIV) 

Those are ....

Signs of the Times

Remember in your darkest hours that the message is true today as it was over 80 years ago. 

Keep Calm and Carry On

We'll get through this.

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For past/future threads (search blog):

Signs of the Times

For similar threads (search blog):

History
World War II

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Tuesday, February 24, 2026

America 250 (part 2): Benjamin Franklin

 


 America’s 250th

As we approach America’s 250th anniversary, this July 4, 2026, let’s have a look at one of our founding fathers, Benjamin Franklin. 

He was not only key in winning the American Revolution, but also in drafting the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and supporting the Bill of Rights, ensuring our rights as free citizens.



https://youtu.be/NLWS4ALFMcc?si=jUPKkkBDnJTgJsrU

  Ben Franklin embodied the American dream—poor boy who made good—publisher, inventor, writer, scientist, postmaster, diplomat, statesman. At the time of the Revolutionary War, he was the most famous American overseas whereas no one heard of George Washington. Ben Franklin loved London, had a residence there, the most prominent colonial (non-British) scientist elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of London.


Though the colonists had grievances with the Crown, such as the Stamp Act, “Taxation without Representation”, the Boston Massacre, Franklin remained a loyal British subject and had a vision that the Crown could patch us their differences with the colonists and expand the British Empire into North America.


But when London got news of the Boston Tea Party, Ben Franklin was called into the Privy Council of Parliament, a place called the “cockpit” (Henry VIII had cock fights there). There, he endured vicious personal verbal attacks and was stripped from his position of Deputy Postmaster of North America.



Franklin kept quiet during the long tirade of insults against him. It was said that day he went into the “cockpit” as a loyal British subject, but he came out as an American. 

The Revolution? He was all in!

First, he helped draft and edit the Declaration of Independence. He changed the phrasing to “We hold these truths to be self-evident” then signed it, saying: “We must all hang together, or most assuredly we shall all hang separately.”  



Allies were needed to fight the mighty British Army. As a key American diplomat, Franklin secured an alliance with France, and later Spain and the Dutch Republic, making the Revolutionary War a global war. France recognized the United States as a nation and provided military support.

The climax was in Virginia. The Americans cornered the British Army in the west and the French fleet bottled them up in the harbor to the east. Thus, General Cornwallis surrendered to General Washington and the French at Yorktown in 1781. The Americans were formally recognized their independence by the Treaty of Paris in 1783.



Next was forming a government without a king. That took a few years.

As the oldest delegate at the Constitutional Convention, Ben Franklin signed the Constitution in 1787. Franklin supported adding the Bill of Rights, though he did not live to see it happen. In his youth, he was surrounded by people, including his father, who vividly remembered the Salem Witch Trials of 1692. The mass hysteria of those trials, which resulted in executions of innocents, served as a cautionary tale during the debates of the Constitution as well as the Bill of Rights. It demonstrated what can happen with unchecked government power, religious fanaticism, and lack of legal safeguards.



Thus, the Bill of Rights corrected the Salem injustices with rights: trial by jury, no self-incrimination, right to confront accusers and cross-examination, right to a speedy and public trial, ban on cruel and unusual punishment. Also, the First Amendment guaranteed freedoms of religion, speech, press, and assembly.

But it was the Second Amendment, the right to keep and bear arms, that put teeth into the Bill of Rights as the enforcer of the rest of the rights.



The winning of the American Revolution and our Rights as a free people hung on Ben Franklin. Loyal British subject turned American. Signer of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. Supporter of the Bill of Rights. Diplomat to create global alliances that won the war. And the face of our $100 bill.


America's 250th: America 250 Years in the Making

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For other posts on this thread, search:

America 250
America's Story

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Photos:

Franklin/wikipedia 
TeaParty/wikipedia 
Declaration/wikipedia 
Yorktown/wikipedia 
Constitution/wikipedia  
$100/wikipedia




Sunday, November 23, 2025

Geo (part 3 ): JFK and America in England

 


November 22, 1963

That day in history, President John F Kennedy was assassinated. 

And the first our nation heard it was mid-day when normal broadcasts were interrupted.



https://youtu.be/6PXORQE5-CY?si=yLqjLhWdUab58saf


The JFK assassination was a shock to our nation as well as the world. And the news hit the peoples, on both side of the Atlantic, hard. 

Our strongest ally overseas was the late Queen Elizabeth II. To pay her respects, the Queen bequeathed an acre of land of English soil near London in perpetuity to the American people:

The Kennedy Memorial. 

This acre was in Runnymede Park where King John of England signed the Magna Carta over 800 years ago in 1215. That document was significant in that it limited the king's absolute power, establishing a precedent that even a king was not above the law. The act began a movement toward elected governments, universal rights, and freedom. 


https://youtu.be/iQOZUaSoy90?si=O7Djv-PCcVp4FjbO

Later, England spawned America. Then in 1964, the longest reigning monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, signed the JFK Memorial Act, which expanded the US global territory by one acre. Now a piece of America is encompassed by England. 

How far it from the UK to the US?

Technically, one step. 

But that's one giant step in good Anglo-American relations.

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For similar posts on this thread, search:

Geography

For similar posts on this thread, search:

Science
Culture
Education
History

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Friday, March 7, 2025

Physics (part 9) - A Boy Who Just Needed Some Confidence

 


March 14, 146 years ago a child was born. 

At first, nothing seemed remarkable about this child. He was taken out of school as he was considered what was then called retarded. Later, a failure.

But he was a boy who just needed some confidence....



https://youtu.be/rMWI9VxLncE?si=_VBkHQBZswCecRhR

Now you know the rest of the story....

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For other posts on this thread, search:

Physics

Similar threads (search blog):

Space
Science
Tech 

More information, check out his biography: Albert Einstein, German-American physicist.

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Sunday, December 8, 2024

Music (part 11) - The Oldest Christmas Carol?

 


Christmas Carols have become a beloved tradition during the holiday season.

Here is a quick history with possibly the oldest known Christmas Carol from the 4th century:



https://youtu.be/sIxhywREzIw?si=2cRYT5prZ8zzKq3u


More information: Is this the first Christmas carol? and Saint Hilary of Poitiers


Here is a performance of this carol in Latin:



https://youtu.be/lxIsyebLsoo?si=L38cDm-FvAH70NMb


Jesus Refulsit Omnium (Latin)

Jesus refulsit omnium

Pius redemptor gentium

Totum genus fidelium

Laudes celebret dramatum

Quem stella natum fulgida

Monstrat micans per authera

Magosque duxit praevia

Ipsius ad cunabula

Illi cadentes parvulum

Pannis adorant obsitum

Verum fatentur ut Deum

Munus ferendo mysticum.


Jesus Refulsit Omnium (English)


Jesus, devoted redeemer of all nations, has shone forth,

Let the whole family of the faithful celebrate the stories

The shining star, gleaming in the heavens, makes him known at his birth

and, going before, has led the Magi to his cradle

Falling down, they adore the tiny baby hidden in rags,

as they bear witness to the true God by bringing a mystical gift.


Lovely words of the birth of our Lord, the Star of Bethlehem, and the Magi.

For the year of our Lord, 2024

Merry Christmas

or in Latin

Felix Nativitas


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For more in this series, search blog:

music


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Sunday, November 24, 2024

Shoutout (part 2) - The Crossing

 



The highs and lows of 1776 ...

The book - 1776 - by David McCullough chronicles Washington's mistakes - his defeats and blunders in 1776.  And because of that, during the nadir of the revolution, "The Glorious Cause of America" seemed doomed.  Most conceded the war was over and the Americans had lost.

But Washington would not give up and would not quit.  He knew that liberty was at stake.  And at the end of the year, Washington went on the attack and won a great victory at Trenton on Christmas of 1776.  The psychological effect of this victory was enormous and marked a turning point in the war.





Fast forward to late November 2024 (date of this blog)

Last spring, I attended the Pikes Peak Writers Conference.

One of the keynote speakers, Kevin Ikenberry, a retired Army officer, explained his idea for a novel that he had pitched to an agent:

Before the Battle of Treton, George Washington reputedly threw a coin across the river. 
What if that coin was a bicentennial quarter ...?

And his idea became an alternate history novel, The Crossing.

Kevin Ikenberry has insight to the workings of the modern army from personal experience as well as knowledge of American history. Thus, he adds authenticity to this tale of what ifs.

It's a good read.

A diverse squad of ROTC cadets, men and women, training at Fort Dix, New Jersey in November 2008 are time slipped days before the Battle of Trenton in 1776.

What could go wrong?

Much.

A couple cadets lose their lives to the fire of enemy as well as an M-16 rifle. If the rifle is reversed engineered, that artifact could change the course of history. 

Seeing no way back to the future, the cadets choose to recover the rifle and join Washington's army, while meeting other of America's Founding Fathers. 

Dressed in 21st century winter camos, the cadets become known as Washington's ghosts. And they bring a most valuable asset, a knowledge of military history, especially the Battle of Trenton.

These cadets not only make history, but they possibly change history.

Kevin so kindly signed my book with Washington's battle cry --

Victory or Death!


The story and its ending make me wonder if there will be a sequel. 

We'll wait and see.

Meanwhile, here's my shout out:

Check out amazon site: The Crossing


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For more in this series, search blog:

ELM

English, Literature, and Musings

Shoutout

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Photos: 
The Crossing Book cover

Tuesday, June 25, 2024

America's Story (part 23) - Countdown to 250!

 


July 4, 1776

The United States of America was born on that date, recognized as the signing and final approval of the Declaration of Independence.

One of its most well-known statements:

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.

And the signers ended this declaration on a solemn note:

And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.

The anniversary of this quarter of a millennium milestone is coming up in two years: 

1776 to 2026

Countdown to 250 years!

And many across America are preparing for this celebration....


https://youtu.be/e0TxB7g4jT0?si=FmaJFsT4RMmAUyah

For more information on the big 250: America 250

Since 1776, America grew and met many challenges. Who are we as a people? Some have tried to answer that best in poetry and song:

I am the nation


https://youtu.be/Fw4Z6Hdxyo0?si=VufZN5v2bl4AUBL3

John Wayne has been seen as a personification of America throughout her evolution. 

For more information: John Wayne: Icon Of America's Booming Confidence

And in 1970, John Wayne and other well-known celebrities of the 20th century ended their show of American History with this patriotic song:


https://youtu.be/JnPbhbluS6Y?si=bATJzXLdXOFOcQad


Happy Birthday, America

as we countdown 

to her 250th!

And 

God Bless America!

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For other posts on this thread, search:

America's Story

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Photo: Declaration of Independence/wkipedia.com



 

Monday, February 19, 2024

Write Stuff (part 4) - Generation Gap

 


The Generation Gap

Adults have lamented about the sorry state of the youth throughout history:

The children now love luxury; they have bad manners, contempt for authority; they show disrespect for elders and love chatter in place of exercise. Children are now tyrants, not the servants of their households. They no longer rise when elders enter the room. They contradict their parents, chatter before company, gobble up dainties at the table, cross their legs, and tyrannize their teachers.

This quote has been attributed to Socrates in the 4th century B.C. 

But it has been suggested it really was "a summary of general complaints about the youth by the ancient Greeks, as written in a 1907 dissertation by a student, Kenneth John Freeman."

 Reference: reddit/AskHistorians

At least it proves the words of Solomon:

What has been will be again,
    what has been done will be done again;
    there is nothing new under the sun.

Ecclesiastes 1:9 (NIV)

In our times, the generations from the late 19th century to the roaring 20s in the 21st century can be succinctly summed up in the video below.

 Every Birth Generation Explained in 9 Minutes:



https://youtu.be/ruKJpwlRe_M?si=51FFeErJ22WE0fub


Such distinctions can be valuable for writers when crafting their characters who grew up in the generation that defined them.

And these characteristics are another tool of...

The Write Stuff!

Solomon also wrote:

Generations come and generations go,
    but the earth remains forever.

Ecclesiastes 1:4 (NIV)

What will define the next generation?


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For other posts on this thread, search:

Write Stuff

Similar threads (search blog):

ELM - English, Language, Musings
History
Culture
Pop Culture


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Sunday, January 29, 2023

Politics (part 2) - I, Claudius vs the Senate

 


Robert Graves wrote his historical novel, I, Claudius (1934) as an autobiographical memoir of the Roman Emperor Claudius (reign 41-54 A.D.)  

The memoir spanned the time of Augustus Caesar, Tiberius, Caligula, and Claudius' succession to emperor after Caligula's assassination.

 The novel is filled with political machinations, lust, and murders. Ironically when the Petronian Guard chooses Claudius as the new emperor, he doesn't want it. Yet, he soldiers on for 13 years until he's allegedly poisoned so Nero could succeed him. 

In 1937, Robert Graves' book was to be made into an epic movie, I, Claudius, starring Charles Laughton as the title role. But the serious injuries of one the irreplaceable actresses aborted the completion of the epic movie. 

Some of the archives of this shelved film were recovered in the 1965 documentary, The Epic that Neve Was

One of the greatest scenes: 

I, Claudius vs The Senate

Charles Laughton gives this moving performance as he's presented to the Senate to succeed the murdered Caligula.



https://youtu.be/YEnrnhTBj8A


Complaints of politicians sound familiar?

* Attaining their position through bribery

* Profiteering from their position 

* Abusing their office with excesses, such as gluttony

* Providing substandard goods to agencies for great cost

Promises of the new regime sound familiar?

* Stop profiteering and bribery
 
* Replace corrupt politicians with those who love their country better than their purses

* Drain the Roman swamp

2000 years later...

The complaints about politicians and promises of reformers amount to the same old same old.

So far, the book has not been made into the epic movie. Yet, it did eventually make it to the small screen of television.

In 1976, the BBC produced a 13-part miniseries, I, Claudius, with a cast of great actors and actresses. 

Here's the trailer:



The 13-hour series develops  the characters and the spirit of first century Rome more than perhaps an epic movie ever could.

It's a great yarn. 

Passion, Pathos, Power, Prophesy, Poison, and especially ....  

Politics

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For other posts on this thread, search:

Politics

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Sunday, January 19, 2020

Write Stuff (part 2) - History of the English Language (in ten minutes)

Old Book/wikipedia.com

Words are the building blocks of writing, strung on the thread of grammar and style.

A rich and diverse language, its history sheds light on where many of the English words came from. And below is short summary:




Chapter 1:  Anglo-Saxon, Latin, Vikings
Chapter 2:  Norman French, Latin
Chapter 3: Shakespeare and cliches
Chapter 4: King James Bible
Chapter 5: Science jargon
Chapter 6: Empire and the world
Chapter 7: Dictionary and Dr. Johnson
Chapter 8: America and the Melting Pot
Chapter 9: Internet and techno-jargon
Chapter 10: Globalism and many flavors

Invasions, art, literature, science, tech, world empire, New World, ... English is alive and ever evolving. And it's been estimated about 1.5 billion people speak English. Of a population of 7.5 billion, that's 20% of the world.

Therefore English is the "Write Stuff" for a big slice of the world.

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Other post in series:

Write Stuff (part 1) - Give them Hope  (2017)

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Photo: Old Book/wikipedia.com

Friday, December 27, 2019

Signs of the Times (part 9) - Roaring 20's x 2

Saturday Evening Post/wikipedia.com

1920s

The Roaring Twenties.

A hundred year ago.

A wild time of changes.

Dress went from ankle length to mini-skirts.

Women got the vote.

People danced to upbeat music like The Charleston.

It was a decade of millionaires and moguls.

Stuff that made The Great Gatsby.





1920

The decade started on the tails of the First World War (1914-1918).

The decade ended that Black Tuesday in October of 1929 with the stock market crash.

Which triggered the Great Depression (1929-1939)

That ended with the Second World War (1939-1945)

Turned the world upside down.

Now it's...

2020

New century.

New millennium.

We're into...

The Roaring 20's x 2

What will this decade bring?

As Mark Twain has been given credit for this proverbial gem:

History doesn’t repeat itself  
but it often rhymes

Hang on, friends.

We're in for a wild ride.

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Previous Post in the series:

Signs of the Times (part 1) - Camping in the Parks (2012)

Signs of the Times (part 2) - Layaway (2012)




Signs of the Times (part 5) - Staycations (2013)

Signs of the Times (part 6) - Fear of Missing Out (2015)
 

Signs of the Times (Part 7) - Leap Second - the new Y2K? (2015)


Signs of the Times (part 8) - #JustPray  (2015)


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Thursday, December 20, 2018

Space (part 2): Earthrise - 1968

Earth Rise/wikipedia.com

Fifty years ago - 1968 

Earth was a troubled place

Some highlights in America at that time:

* The unpopular Vietnam War and more unpopular draft

* Assassination: Martin Luther King Jr., Robert F. Kennedy

* Riots at the Chicago Democratic National Convention

* Counter-culture hippie movement

* President Lyndon B. Johnson and President Elect Richard M. Nixon

A popular TV show at that time was The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour (1967 - 1970). The show featured s labor of love by filmmaker Chuck Braverman, described as:

A quick trip through the USA during the turbulent 1968




But in December 1968, Apollo 8  sent astronauts, Frank Borman, Jim Lovell and Bill Anders, orbiting the moon for the first time in history.

On their Christmas Eve broadcast, the crew transmitted the iconic Earthrise photo while reading from Genesis, as shown below: 




Back to the future, 50 years later, these still are troubled times.

As we finish the year 2018, words from a hymn, This is My Father's World come to mind. And the last verse, not always included in other renditions, gives the reason we celebrate the birth of the Savior of the world:

This is my Father’s world:
Oh, let me ne’er forget
That though the wrong seems oft so strong,
God is the ruler yet.

This is my Father’s world,
The battle is not done:
Jesus who died shall be satisfied,
And earth and Heav’n be one.



And in the closing words of astronaut Frank Borman:


"And from the crew of Apollo 8, 
we close with good night, good luck, 
a Merry Christmas, 
and God bless all of you -
 all of you on the good Earth." 


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Other post in the series:


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Wednesday, May 30, 2018

CC (part 11) - Tying the Knot Across Both Sides of the Pond

Prince Harry/Meghan Markle/wikipedia.com
It's the stuff fairy tales are made of. 

A hard working woman, a commoner,  marrying a royal prince. Like Cinderella.

And on May 19, 2018, life imitated art in the royal wedding of Meghan Markle--an actress, an American, a divorcee--to Prince Harry, now fifth in the line to the throne of England.

For more details, check out: The Love Story of How Meghan Markle and Prince Harry Actually Met

The royal wedding in a nutshell is shown below:



But this is not the first time an American divorcee married a British royal. In the 20th century, an American socialite, Wallis Simpson, divorced twice before, was set to marry the King of England, Edward VIII.

To avoid a constitutional crisis of marrying a woman with two living ex-husbands-- this was 1936-- Edward abdicated the throne to marry "the woman I love."

More info: Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson

Part of that story is shown here:



And it was because of the King's abdication, Edward VIII's younger brother ascended to the throne as George VI, father of the current reigning monarch (and longest reigning monarch to date in England), Queen Elizabeth II, grandmother of Prince Harry.

And there have been some comparisons between Wallis Simpson and Meghan Markle. But also great contrasts. As the Wallis Simpson story seems darker and filled with intrigue, especially in the days leading up to World War II.




Yet, tying the knot across both sides of the pond can bond two nations even tighter and make them stronger.

During World War II, there was a son born of a father of British aristocracy and an American mother. That would be Lord Randolph Churchill and New York native, Jennie Jerome.

Their son? Sir Winston Churchill.

And as Prime Minister, Winston Churchill forged an alliance with the United States to defeat Nazi Germany in World War II.

More info: Winston Churchill

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In the first book of The Commander and the Chief series, His Tribe of One, there is a mention of  Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson.

The British Commander Reginald Barrett shows a love interest in his client, the Chief, Dr. Nova Orlovic. And he asks her about her major-domo Lord Frederick Wise, who had arranged their expedition into the Forbidden Area of the Middle East in search for answers about Nova's late husband. As they are heading back to base camp with the leader of the expedition, Colonel Jack Sheffield, is driving their hi tech Jeep.

Here's an excerpt from Part 5: The Badlands, Chapter 12, The Wise Empire Builder:


During the final stretch, Reggie asked Nova, “What’s between you and Lord Wise if I may ask?”
  
cover by Becki Davis
Nova turned to Reggie. “Let’s say we have a wonderful working relationship.”
  
“Any romantic feelings between you two?”
  
Jack raised his eyebrows. “Is someone jealous?”
  
“It’s okay to ask, Commander.” Nova tittered. “As you know, I’m Fred’s employer … that was after he left UK Geophysical, and he left with a bang. He got from me the exclusive oil contract on all the mineral rights owned by the Sapphire Mountain People Trust. And since then, he’s done marvelous things managing my ranch in Wyoming, the tourist sites, reviving the Wild West shows, starting up the winery in California.”
  
“Wise is a builder of empires. So it says in his book,” Jack said.
  
Reggie leaned toward her. “I’m surprised he didn’t ask you to marry him. That is, after you were widowed.”
  
Nova looked into Reggie’s soft brown eyes. “He said he’d love to marry me, but–”
  
“But what?” Reggie asked. “You must be one of the most eligible women in America, if not the world right now.”
  
“But for all the wrong reasons.” Nova flexed her left hand in her sling. “Number one reason is money.”
  
Jack straightened up. “That’s a good reason.”
  
“But I fear it’s just the money that makes me attractive. I’m not sought out for who I am, but what I have. I’m always suspicious my suitors are false-hearted lovers. Same problem my mother had, which was why she married so late in life.” Nova sighed. “And I know that Frederick deeply love me, but he said his father, a baron or something–”
  
“The Baron of Summerset,” Reggie said. “My parents know him.”
  
“Then you must know something about Fred’s father. He wishes his son to marry an English girl with a title, though Fred seems to have settled on perpetual bachelorhood.”
  
Jack squinted at her. “But you have many titles: Doctor, Counselor, Indian Chief, Boss Lady.”
  
“But Fred’s father would disown him for marrying an American. And Fred’s attached to his ancestral property and a title that goes back for some eight hundred years, he said.”
  
Reggie shrugged. “But the British don’t let things like that stand in our way of love. King Edward abdicated the throne of England to marry an American. Ever hear of Wallis Simpson?”
  
“Of course. But I understand being attached to the land. And, at one time, it looked very bleak as so many conspired to take my land from me. That’s why I fought so hard to keep the ranch when the odds were stacked against me.”
  
Reggie arched his dark eyebrows. “So is that why you paid off all his father’s debts before the Wise ancestral property went into foreclosure?”
  
“Who told you that?”
  
“You just did, darling.”
  
“You tricked me–”
  
“If it’s any consolation, that was a most noble thing to do, darling.” Reggie returned a pleasant smile. “And I see why Wise is so loyal to you.”
  
Then Nova confessed, “Actually Frederick said he’d throw his title away and marry me, anyway … like King Edward did to marry Wallis Simpson. But after much thought, he’s quite a logical man, we both knew we didn’t love each in that way.”
  
Reggie raised an eyebrow. “Then is he … gay?”
  
“Gay? Oh, my, no.” Nova chuckled. “From his stories, he’s had many dalliances. But Fred doesn’t like to be tied down. And there’s much of his life before UK Geophysical that’s secret. Though I may have guessed some of it from his stories.”
  
Reggie smirked. “So you two, you’re just … friends?”
  
“Very good friends. He’s my chief confidant and counselor.” Nova raised her shoulders. “And I trust my life and my fortune with him.”
  
Jack raised his blond eyebrows. “Indeed, we all do at this point.”

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More?

The book is available in paperback or eBook (kindle, Nook) form. Likewise, its sequels: Counting Coup, and Peacemaker.


Details here: The Commander and the Chief Series


Cheers! 

Your readership is appreciated.

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Peacemaker, Book Three:

CC3 (part 1) - Peacemaker  (2017)


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Photo: Prince Harry/Meghan Markle/wikipedia.com